Reagents and tools (minimum requirements)<\/h3>

• Autoclave with temperature control and certified logger, able to perform Eu. Ph. Sterilization cycle as following described: 60 min; 121+\/- 1 \u00b0C; 1 bar<\/li>
• Water R1 as per Eu.Ph. definition.<\/li>
• AAS with Al dedicated lamp (ICP techniques also investigated)<\/li>
• Water solution of EDTA (500 ppm chosen)<\/li>
• Stoppers for Glass dental cartridges Concentrate Acid (Acetic preferred)<\/li><\/ul>

  Tools pre-handling<\/h3>

  Tools and glass equipment that will be in contact with the extraction solution have to be washed and rinsed with Water R1 and consequently autoclaved 3 times, under Eu.Ph. conditions.<\/p>

  Sample preparation and manipulation<\/h3>

  • Glass Tubings: <\/strong>from each glass tubing obtain 2 samples, of approx. 440 mm length, bottoming on end by using a medium flame to avoid high transforming stress in the glass. Wash samples as per Eu.Ph. and fill with EDTA Solution up to 20 mm under the neck. Group sticks with rubber rings and cover with glass beakers, identifying different samples.<\/li><\/ul>

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    • Glass cartridges: <\/strong>select randomly from an adequate number of cartridges, close the bottom with appropriate 3-times autoclaved stopper and wash as per Eu.Ph. and fill with EDTA solution. In pencil, identify the sample by writing on the beaker\u2019s external surface, cover the beaker with glass stopper (plate).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t

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      Once the autoclave is filled with samples, introduce a data logger and start a sterilizing cycle. At the end of the process, open the autoclave and let the sample cool at a natural rate.<\/p>

      • Glass Tubing: <\/strong>collect 10 ml of extract from each tube in a separate glass beaker, add some drops of Acetic Acid and analyze by AAS.<\/li>
      • Glass cartridges: <\/strong>collect 10 ml from the set of cartridges, add some drops of Acetic<\/li>
      • Acid and analyze by AAS.<\/li><\/ul>

        An appropriate set of calibration standards have to be put in place, in the same manner as the final sample also considering the addition of acid.<\/p>

        Limits\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>

        The results obtained from the experimental routine identified a realistic limit of leached Al concentration, valid for AAS and especially for the ICP technique, which allow to discriminate among different glass tubing manufacturing processes.<\/p>

        Based on experimental data and repeated tests, the inner surface leaching of Al appears to be not as affected by the converting process (cartridges have not a closed glass bottom) and consequently, if applied correctly, the described methodology results effective on the glass tube and on the cartridges in the same way.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u00a0 Determining Al release from dental cartridges and glass tubing. An effective and convenient tool to discriminate among diverse glass tubingmanufacturing processes As described in the previous article titled, \u201cHow tubular glass manufacturing process can affect the final product stability and technological improvement to mitigate it. Al \u2013 Epinephrine interaction: a related example,\u201d \u00a0 the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4428,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-4422","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tutorial","tag-glass","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"\n